Discussion 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussion 6 - Essay Example Aristotle also explained that keeping corruption at bay can help in combating regime degradation. Individual should not practise corruption in order to ensure continuity in the society. When individuals put corruption at bay magistrate will do fair judgment to the people. The factors explained by Aristotle do not help in preventing corruption because individuals learn from those in power. Corruption has been taking place in the society through learning. The people in office teach the new employee on how to increase their earning. Observation of the factors explained by Aristotle can not help in combating corruption because the government systems plays big role in influencing corruption. People are underpaid and they have to find survival means. Lessons which have contemporary relevance are things like education about constitution. When people grow up trained or educated in respect to constitutional demands they will comply with the rule of law and stay away from evil and

Business Ethics - Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Discrimination Essay Discrimination is defined as distinguishing something from something else (i. e. don’t hire him because he has no experience). Unjustified discrimination is distinguishing something from something else on a basis that is not justified (i. e. don’t hire him because he is black). The term discrimination commonly replaces the term unjustified discrimination in business, philosophy, psychology and day-to-day community life. In a just and fair society, such as we Canadians aspire to, a job applicant’s race, ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, orientation, mental ability, or physical condition should not disadvantage them in career choices or job competitions. If a short Asian female firefighter can do the job, she should get the job. Conversely she should not expect to receive concessions that are not available to all; that is in effect also discrimination. Unfortunately, discrimination often arises in business in regards to hiring, job placement, wage, and promotion. Affirmative Action Ideally, discrimination should be of no concern at all; everyone should have an equal opportunity to anything. In a perfect world a hiring manager would not have to think thoughts such as, â€Å"They are disabled, they are women, they are aboriginal,† and would only think, â€Å"This person will be perfect for the job because†¦. † Unfortunately this may never completely happen. For example if a person in a wheelchair applies to be a stock person at Costco and another person who is not in a wheelchair applies for the same position the manager will be debating, â€Å"Should I hire the person who cannot walk because I want to be socially responsible? Or should I hire the person who can walk, who will probably do a better job and who I won’t have to make special accommodations for? † Another example is a man and a woman who are applying to be a nurse on the obstetrics ward; they have both just graduated and have exactly the same experience. If only one position is available who is more likely to be hired? Affirmative action programs often come into place to encourage equal opportunity. Affirmative action refers to policies or rograms that take factors such as; age, sex, race, color or religion and give preferential treatment to people that belong to an identifiable disadvantaged group, or outgroup. Cons Reverse discrimination occurs when preferential treatment is given to one person and the other is left out. For example if a woman is hired to work in an oil patch just because she is a woman and man is not hired (perhaps only because of quota requirements), he will experience reverse discrimination. This may in fact v iolate a province’s human rights code. Some would also argue that it is wrong to place at a disadvantage a current day job applicant in order to attempt to compensate for historical wrong treatment of certain categories of job applicants. Merit may not exist if affirmative action is in place. A situation could arise where an applicant may deserve a job more because he or she has more education and more experience than the hired applicant who is disabled, if the hiring was done only in the interest of a representative workplace. May condescend or offend outgroups because the people belonging to that group don’t believe they need preferential treatment in order to succeed. Affirmative action creates a perception that all racial minorities or physically disabled persons have low self image, poor job marketing skills, missed opportunities, and are in need government regulated assistance. Efficiency may be compromised if a company is forced to hirer a proportionally representative workforce. Instead of hiring the best fitting candidate, companies would be forced to seek out a visible minority or a disabled candidate. This simply is not good business practice. A company should be free to hire the best candidate. Morale and workplace cooperation may be negatively impacted by a person being hired because of affirmative action policies which clearly give special considerations not available to all. The outgroup may develop a sense of entitlement that is not supported by the majority of the workers. Affirmative action may cause a widening of the gap (and an affirmation of bigotry) instead of a diverse and inclusive work force. For example, a white man at a steel factory may think that he got his job because he is qualified for it while being angry that the Asian man only got hired because there were no other Asians working in the plant and the hiring manager did not want to be discriminating. Pros Assistance in obtaining a desired job may be necessary for members of an identifiable disadvantaged group, or outgroup, since discrimination may make it difficult to establish a career. For example, men can be excellent nurses, but if a female hiring officer doesn’t understand or embrace the benefits of diversity, the obstetrics ward would have all female nurses. Another example might be a hair dressing trainee who is in a wheelchair; this applicant may have more obstacles to overcome and more convincing to do with a prospective employer. It is not fair, or just, that these applicants would have to be much better that the â€Å"normal† kind of applicant in order to be desirable to the employer. This â€Å"assistance† is given in affirmative action plans such as requiring employers to choose the disadvantaged applicant when all other skills are equal. Affirmative action makes working in different areas more desirable. Ex, Okanagan College has free introductory welding courses for women only. If colleges did not have these affirmative action programs there would probably be less female welders. This creates an incentive for a member of an outgroup to step forward and be part of the creation of workplace diversity. Affirmative action ensures justice for those who have historically been oppressed. Although hopefully not in Canada, there may still be a stigma attached to those whose ancestors were slaves, lower class, or aboriginal and thus seen as lesser that those with good career jobs. Some people may believe that affirmative action is necessary to change the attitudes of society by mandating a diverse work force. Canada cannot ignore the fact that a few generations ago a person with mental challenges or physical disabilities would not have been offered a position if there was a reasonable candidate who was considered â€Å"normal. † Affirmative action envisions a just work place where everyone is normal because the new normal is diverse and inclusive. Affirmative action encourages a representative work force. If 2% of the community’s population is visually impaired, then in a company of 100 employees, there should be a least two people who have some kind of sight impairment. In Canada, 3% of the population is aboriginal; therefore, there should be three members of a First Nation employed at the above company. A disabled person aged 25 to 44 accounts for 8% of the population. Statistically speaking, the above company, if it were in British Columbia, should have 27 employees who are recent immigrants. With roughly 60% of Canada’s population being Caucasian, all the numbers above would create a representative work force. It could be described as a diverse, dynamic, and exciting place to work; but does it exist? By requiring the inclusion of a representative work force affirmative action will in the long term change attitudes and encourage diversity. Thesis Affirmative action programs are still necessary to ensure equal opportunities in the work place and to encourage diversity, which over time will extinguish discrimination and contribute to a just, fair, and tolerant society. History I believe discrimination stems from history. If a young person learned from parents, schools, or media that women are not good trade workers, they will continue this discrimination for generations. This is what happens in all forms of discrimination because discrimination is learned. Discrimination can be reduced in a society with the influence of laws, education, and incentives. Affirmative action mandates exposure, which with encouragement by supportive government and ethical businesses will result in workplace diversity, and that over time will influence the thinking of society as a whole. Further Discussion: Continue Affirmative Action Dimock and Tucker thoroughly discussed their views on affirmative action policies about how such policies cause problems for employment equity in Canada. Dimock and Tucker did not discuss why such policies may still be necessary and did not thoroughly discuss a solution to discrimination. Their conclusion, while pointing out that affirmative action programs have not met intended goals, does not offer concrete solutions other than education. I disagree that the young should be the only target to ensure against discrimination. Youth can be racist, sexist, and exclusive. That’s why our society has a large problem with bullying. If discrimination is a learned trait, then the youth are learning it from above, and that is precisely the target of affirmative action. I believe affirmative action should still be used to some extent in order to encourage diversification. I think a combination of education and the experience of exposure is more useful that a single target group (such as educating the young). If groups (young, school aged, post secondary, and the work force) are created with diverse and representative participants, the likelihood of all groups beginning to like each other because of repeated exposure is much higher then if they remain separated. Well informed members of society who have personal experience with diversity are the least discriminating for several reasons: †¢They have been educated not be discriminating (from classes like this). †¢They have been put together in groups with all different types of people, and †¢They have become comfortable with that diversity. The result is that they have learned to be less discriminating than their peers or previous generation. For example, a white 18 year old’s great grandparents may have been what is now considered racist toward black people. In the grandparent’s time racism, even segregation, was thought of as perfectly normal, and those views were passed down generation to generation. However, through education and exposure racism was slowly extinguished until we have a grade 12 student who welcomes a new immigrant from Zambia. Instead of being completely racist like his great grandparents the 18 year old now only believes the stereotype that all black people like rap music which he hates. The next generation will (hopefully) not even notice that a black person is in the group. If affirmative action continues it will help the top (the existing generation of employers) meet the bottom (the well informed and accepting job applicant) and the result will be a tolerant, inclusive, and diverse work place. The attitudes of the work place will in time influence society as a whole. Conclusion I was lucky enough to learn about discrimination in both psychology and philosophy class in the same week. Although solutions are not offered in this paper, I believe discrimination can be eliminated through education and diversification. If it were normal to have a representative and diverse â€Å"melting pot† of opportunities and experiences, there would be no need to practice discrimination. Diversification is good. It makes a community tolerant and compassionate; it makes a secure and exciting place to live. Including all groups in all employment opportunities will ultimately create a better society – the melting pot that Canada so prides its identity in. Affirmative action plans ensure that the work place will contribute to this pride.

22 Awesome Beaches in Cebu to Visit in a Lifetime

22 Awesome Beaches in Cebu to Visit in a Lifetime Foreign tourists and local travelers alike, visiting Cebu is always included in the bucket list being one of the top tourist destinations in the Philippines. Whether in a month-long vacation or simply winding up for a day, Cebu beaches are something that one shouldnt miss. Below is a list of awesome beaches in Cebu you should visit in your lifetime. The list has no particular order. 1. Sta. Fe Beach in Bantayan Island Sta. Fe Beach Club, located in Bantayan Island, is a travelers paradise with perfect clear waters, friendly folks, amazing culture and excellent food. With its convenient location, a 10-minute travel from Bantayan Port, you can already enjoy interesting activities such as snorkeling, biking, island hopping, eating sea foods, etc. for a camping minimum fee of P100.00 only. It also offers top-class recreational facilities such as massage, non-motorized water sports, private beach, etc. Guests can enjoy on-site features like smoking area, restaurant, meeting facilities, BBQ facilities, bar, etc. Its comfortable and convenient accommodations are best for unwinding after a hard day. Mobile number: 09287787770 Telephone number: (032)4389090/ 4389107 Email: [emailprotected] 2. Tingko Beach in Alcoy Tingko Beach, located in Daan Lungsod, Alcoy, has extensive beach lined with coconut palm trees and limestone cliffs, and shallow waters with relaxing environment and fun activities. Its a 2 to 3-hour travel from Cebu City and is situated in a lagoon across Mabad-on Reef, a coral island that is completely submerged during high tide and exposed during low tide. It is great for families and groups with pets, and a nice stop for southern travelers. However, as it is a public beach, it can get crowded during weekends. Telephone number: (032) 483 9298 Mobile number: 09182874023 Email: [emailprotected] 3. Santiago White Beach in Camotes Island Santiago White Beach, a gorgeous public white sand beach, has the widest beach on Camotes Island and a shoreline that stretches as far as you can walk. Its wide white sand beach is being shared by Santiago Bay House Resort, Masamayor Beach Resort and Payag Beach Resort. Some of its facilities include Hut Cottages, motorized outrigger Bangka for half day use and Beach Games such as balls, floats, kayaks, etc. Some of its small restaurants also offer KARAOKE up to 2AM. It is being managed by the Camotes Local Government Unit (LGU). 4. Dalaguete Beach Park Dalaguete Beach Park, also known as Arguete Beach because its located within the boundary of Argao and Dalaguete, is best for skim boarding due to its strong and big waves. It is one of Cebus best public beaches for its clean and well maintained environment and facilities. There is, however, a minimal fee of P5.00 per person and P20.00 for parking. Cottages are also for rent for about P100.00 to P200.00, and shower fee of P20.00 per person. The fees are charged by local authorities to help maintain the area. 5. Hidden Beach in Aloguinsan Hidden Beach Resort, located in the municipality of Aloguinsan, Cebu, is one of the most natural beaches in Cebu province. Since its hidden, it is untouched by resort development projects. The road to the beach is covered with thickets of trees and coconut palms. The coral rocks are the indication that you are getting closer to the beach. Getting around, youll find lots of marine animals, a whitish sand, clean water and shoreline hemmed with coconut trees. A Peaceful and not crowded place perfect for relaxation. Its facilities include tables for P150.00, Hut Cottages for P250.00, grills for meat, fish, etc. Cooking Request is also available for a fee. If planning to stay overnight, simple rooms are available for P500.00 and making a reservation is highly advised. 6. Lambug Beach in Badian Lambug Beach, a public beach located in Badian, is one of the hidden beaches in Southern Cebu. Its a virgin beach with a long coastline of powdery white sand bordered with palm trees, clear waters, and hospitable locals. It has no entrance fee but camping is charged P50.00. As it is undiscovered, there are no big resorts around the area except for the Grandeur Beach Resort. Along its coastline, however, are many cottages and rooms for rent. Lambug Beach is a Badian pride that has astonishing sunrise and sunset; a perfect place to relax. 7. Basdako Beach in Moalboal Basdako Beach, one of the known beachfronts in Moalboal, is a pristine white sand beach and an awesome spot for snorkeling, scuba diving and delicious food. Best of all, the beach is free. Moalboal is rich with marine life which makes it best for diving. Basdako beachfront is preferred as it is budget-friendly with many small resorts to choose from within the beach. But, if you wish to camp on the beach, tents are available for P500.00 a night. During summer and long weekends, though, most resorts in Basdako get full; it is advised to get a room as early as possible. Telephone number: (032)417-2445. Cellphone number: 09209028888; 09176236057. Website: www.clubserenaresort.com. 8. Sayaw Beach in Barili Located along the highway of Barili, Cebu is Sayaw Beach Resort. It is a white sand beach resort where the popular Mantapuyan Falls is located. It has an entrance fee of P20.00 and cottage rentals ranging from P150.00 to P500.00. Its facilities and other services are not established and food resources are not very available. It is advised to bring your own supplies in coming here. 9. San Remigio Beach Club Sports and Leisure Resort Located in San Remigio, a three-hour travel from Cebu City, San Remegio Beach Club is Cebus longest beach line and one of the prettiest beaches. It is a good venue for reunions, birthdays, and weddings; offers packages for Group Tour, Day Tour, Side Trip and many more; and has a very spacious Sea Pool Party Area. It also has a coaster and van service for a convenient transportation for groups. A bus costs P120.00 per person. Telephone number: (032) 344-6181. Contact number: 63-32-2310382, 63-32-4352030, and 63-32-5160630 Website: www.sanremigiobeachclub.com.ph 10. Mactan Blue Reef Resort Mactan Blue Reef Resort, located in Tongo, Marigondon, Lapu-Lapu City, is an affordable place for any gatherings in addition to a nice dip in the beach. It has an entrance fee of P50.00 and reasonable price for cottage rental. Bringing in food is also allowed. Telephone number: (032) 494-2644; (032) 494-2911. Contact number: 63-32-4923209 or 63-32-4923217 11. Eden’s Resort The lovely sea view from its spacious, big rooms creates a romantic ambiance that makes this place perfect for a couples retreat. Edens Resort is located in Liloan, Santander, an approximately three-hour drive from Cebu City. With only 10 rooms, it assures its guests of private leisure. Among the activities to do here are ocean kayaking, mountain biking, motor cycling, snorkeling, etc. It has a nice hassle-free package and room-only rates. It also has an all-inclusive rate if you wish to take a worry-free vacation. Telephone number: (032)480-9321 Contact number: 63-32-4809321 Website: www.eden.ph 12. Durhan White Beach Resort A little paradise in Tabunok, Tabuelan, about three hours travel time from the city. Durhan White Beach Resort boasts a fine white sand beach fit for groups and family gatherings. It has an entrance fee of P20.00 per person, rooms that could accommodate two to eight persons, big tents for 20 persons and small tent for 15 persons. Its cottages have gas stoves and a refrigerator available to cook your own food. Telephone number: (032)461-9318; 461-9073 Contact number: 63-32-4619318 or 63-32-4619073 Website: www.durhanwhitebeach.com 13. Shangri-La’s Mactan Island Resort and Spa A luxurious vacation for guests, an appealing garden view to nature lovers, and an ideal place for travelers, Shangri-Las Mactan Island Resort and Spa is considered a premier resort in Mactan Island. Located in Punta Engaà ±o, Lapu-Lapu City, it boasts of its large spa and various restaurants. Telephone number: (032) 231-0288 Contact number: +63-32-2310288 Website: www.shangri-la.com 14. Plantation Bay Resort and Spa A resort in an 11.4 hectare lot in Marigondon, Lapu-Lapu City, Plantation Bay Resort and Spa distinguishes itself in its saltwater lagoons and freshwater pools. It has colonial plantation architecture, and among its amenities are a wall-climbing facility, a fitness center and a spa at Mogambo Springs. Telephone number: (03)505-9800; Cellphone number: 09176313750; 09176313917 Contact number: +63-32-3405900 Website: www.plantationbay.com 15. Maribago Bluewater Beach Resort Maribago Bluewater Beach Resort is a 158-room resort located in Maribago, Lapu-Lapu City. Its been known for its bungalow type of accommodation and has become a favorite venue for weddings. Most wedding receptions here are held in its Alegrado Island, a 1.1 hectare man-made island. While the kids get an encounter with the mascot Dolpo, a dolphin. Telephone number: (032) 492-0100; (02) 817-5751 Contact numbers: 63-32-2345411 or 63-32-4920100 Website: www.bluewater.com.ph 16. Imperial Palace Waterpark Resort and Spa Located on ML Quezon National Highway, Maribago, Lapu-Lapu City, Imperial Palace Waterpark Resort and Spa is the best place for water fun. Its themed pools such as Amazon River Pool (with inflatable tubes), Wave Rider, Beach Pool, Captain Hooks Pool, and the Toddler Pool are all one of a kind. Telephone number: (032)494-5000; 494-5282 to 85, 87, 88 Contact number: 63-32-2361367 Website: www.imperialpalace-cebu.com 17. Kalumpang Beach Resort A perfect escape destination of the South, Kalumpang Beach Resort is located in Highway, Looc, Poblacion, Argao. It is also a popular place for gathering and events. Besides that, it offers day tour packages upon request for group activities like swimming, snorkeling, diving, sunbathing, skim boarding, etc. The rate starts from P2, 500.00 depending on arrangements. For water and sea sports, you can rent a Kayak for P100.00. Jet ski, boats, etc. are also available. Telephone number: (032)367-7505 18. Cordova Reef Village Resort At the southeastern tip of Mactan Island, surrounded by Camotes Sea and Bohol Strait, is Cordova Reef Village in Poblacion, Cordova. It has well-equipped rooms and offers facilities such as tennis courts, steam room, spa, swimming pool and restaurant. A combination of luxury and natures tranquility, this resort provides its guests with absolute privacy and exclusivity. Telephone number: (032)238-1878 19. Malapascua Exotic Island Dive Resort Located in Sitio Pasil, Logon, Daanbantayan is Malapascua Exotic Island Dive and Beach Resort, the pioneer dive resort in Malapascua. It is also known for its thresher sharks that usually appear at sea before dawn. It has a natural garden frontage overlooking the white sand beach and Visayan sea. Diving here ranges from P1, 200.00 to P1, 500.00. Room rates are from P1, 000.00 to P4, 200.00. Telephone number: (032) 437-0983; 406-5428. Cellphone number: 09173276689; 09999976601. 20. El Salvador Beach Resort Located along the National Highway in Danao, El Salvador Beach Resort is the biggest and nicest resort in Danao. With 39 rooms set in tropical gardens, 2 swimming pools and a beach front, it has 24 hour standby generator and security. It also has air-conditioned function rooms that can accommodate 15 to 200 people. Entrance fee for adults is P150.00 during weekdays and P175.00 during weekends and holidays, P125.00 for children during weekdays and P150.00 during weekends and holidays while for kids below 3 years old, entrance fee is free. The cottages are available for rent at P495.00. Telephone number: (032)200-3622/ (032)254-7863. Website: www.elsalvadorresort.com Email: [emailprotected] 21. Sumilon Bluewater Resort In Sumilon Island, a tranquil 24 hectare sorrounded by white sand beaches with a lagoon, a hiking trail, lighthouse, historical watchtower, cave and other resort facilities overlooking Cebu, lies Sumilon Blue Water Island Resort, a sister resort of Maribago Bluewater Resort in Mactan Cebu. The island is the first marine protected area in the Philippines, beautifully secluded on the southeastern tip of the mainland. The resort is a three hour drive from the city to Bancogon pier in Oslob and another 15 to 30 minute boat ride, provided by the resort, to the island itself. A good spot for diving with varied marine species and occasional sightings of black tip sharks. Phone: (63 32) 318 3129 / 318 9098 Mobile: 0917 631 7512 / 0999 885 8337 Email: [emailprotected] Website: www.bluewater.com.ph 22. Badian Island Resort Located on the southwest coast of Cebu, an almost private tropical island with landscaped gardens and white sand beaches, The Badian Island Resort and Spa is an eco-friendly, romantic resort paradise overlooking the lagoons and mountains. It is a 2-hour and 20-minute drive from Cebu Internation Airport and a 15-minute boat ride with free parking for cars. Among the activities offered here are diving, wind surfing, paddle boats, tennis, billiards, darts, volleyball, spa treatments and many more. It has large and beautifully designed rooms with private balcony, cascading saltwater pool and organic grounds. Its suites feature a blend of traditional and modern Philippine decor. Tel: (+63-32) 401-3303 to 05 Fax: (+63-32) 401-3302 Email: [emailprotected] Website: www.badianhotel.com Sales Reservations: (+63-32) 401-3303 to 05 Cell Phones: (+63) 920-952-6293 (+63) 920-953-3362 (+63) 917-727-4931 Fax: +(+63-32) 401-3302 SMS: +63-917 727 4931 ***

Nick Carraway as Honest Liar in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay

Nick Carraway as Honest Liar in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known" (Fitzgerald Gatsby 64). So writes Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, characterizing himself in opposition to the great masses of humanity as a perfectly honest man. The honesty that Nick attributes to himself must be a nearly perfect one, by dint of both its rarity and its "cardinal" nature; Nick asserts for himself that he is among the most honest people he has ever encountered. Events in the book, however, do not bear this self-characterization out; far from being among the most honest people in world, Nick Carraway is in fact a proficient liar, though he never loses his blind faith in his own pure honesty.    First, Fitzgerald's choice of the word "suspects" indicates, and almost guarantees, a certain uncertainty about that suspicion; the fact that these are fallible (and often self-deceiving) human beings making observations about themselves make that uncertainty even greater. The fact that "everyone" believes to be one of the "few" holders of a cardinal virtue solidifies the matter; simply put, excepting either an unrealistically optimistic view of human nature or an extremely broad definition of "the cardinal virtues", it is simply impossible to accept that all human beings everywhere exemplify one of the cardinal virtues of humanity. Some people must not have the cardinal virtue they suspect of themselves. Nick, however, seems to forget this fact at the colon and starkly asserts, "I am one of the few honest people I have ever known" (64). The choice of "am" is very important here;... ...themselves. Even when confronted with a disproof of his perfectly honest nature, as Jordan does late in the novel, Nick responds with an appeal to his belief in his own honesty-his myth about himself is that sacred. Much like Gatsby's self-image, Nick's belief in his own honesty seems to spring from the Platonic conception of honesty, and, much like Gatsby, he simply ignores or rationalizes away anything that comes into conflict with his belief. Nick Carraway is far from one of the few honest narrators I have ever read, but he is a testament to the powers of self-deception that exist in both fictional and non-fictional human beings. "Everyone suspects himself of one of the cardinal virtues," Nick says, and as Nick himself demonstrates, nearly everyone is wrong. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Scribner Paperback Fiction: New York, 1991.

Explain the Importance of Carbon Taxes for the Airline Industry

Explain the Importance of carbon taxes for the airline industry. Can Ryanair and British Airways respond in the same way? What is â€Å"Carbon Tax†? In the past, polluting was free. Generating pollution has a cost, which is a cost on earth natural environment, our economy and earth way of life. A Carbon Tax changes this. Instead of being able to pollute for free, polluters must pay for a price for every tone of carbon pollution is created. How does â€Å"Carbon Tax† affect the flight industry? Industry must factor in the cost of carbon pollution in the business, just as flight companies factor in flight building and labor cost.Carbon tax has a great deal of importance in the airline industry. In 2008 the EU passed legislation to include aviation in the ETS. This means that from January 2012, overall CO 2 emissions of the aviation industry have been capped: Operators emitting more than their allocated amount of CO 2 will need to reduce emissions or – more likely à ¢â‚¬â€œ procure extra allowances. Therefore all operators flying to and from the EU will have to surrender one allowance for every tone of CO 2 emitted on a flight to and from (and within) Europe. The challenges of the ETS for airlines go beyond the immediate legal obligations.The costs for emission allowances will effectively introduce an additional commodity price risk into an operator's business strategy. Costs per passenger will increase but whether these costs can be passed through to customers depends upon the competitive position of the company compared with other operators. Increased ticket prices may reduce air travel and bring the substitution effect – Some passengers will choose not to fly as a result of increased fares and may divert to alternative modes of transportation. How does British Airways response to Carbon Tax?British Airways, the first airline to start a carbon offset scheme back in 2005, has gone live with an upgraded, user-friendly scheme that will en able passengers to offset the emissions from their flight in a one-click process at the time of booking online. British Airways suggests that airline passengers should pay carbon tax to combat climate change. By looking at the responses and speeches from management team of British Airways, the company was putting out the â€Å"green† message, and to engage with customers on the environmental issue. Carbon tax also drove British Airways to find new ways to reduce carbon pollution.For instance, 60 flights to the United States from British Airways will experiment with using Global positioning system (GPS) to track more direct routes and smooth take-offs and landings to avoid wasting fuel. Quicker landings also avoid keeping flight in holding patterns, which has unwanted pollution effects. As aviation companies grapple with high jet fuel prices, the search for alternatives to petroleum will keep British Airways focused on alternative sources of energy in order to remain competiti ve. How does Ryanair response to Carbon Tax? Ryanair has a â€Å"no frills† business strategy, with low cost, high efficiency and low price strategy.Rayanair opposed the scheme when carbon tax was levied in 2012. The former head of communications, Stephen McNamara claimed that the continuation of this eco-loony tax would damage traffic, tourism, European competitiveness and job opportunities. And Rayanair believes that they are already the greenest in the industry. The price response to the ETS has been for airlines to add surcharges to the cost of flights. Within the Europe, the company has announced a surcharge of 25p per passenger per one-way flight. In theory the ETS should be less burdensome on efficient operators such as Ryanair.However, the ETS will always represent an additional cost to airlines, and this is likely to be the reason for the opposition of Rayanair to the scheme. Conclusion A carbon tax will spur an airline to be more energy efficient. Efficiency is the foundation of Ryanair’s business strategy. Ryanair already hammer costs at every turn, get as much as they can out of their staff and equipment and provide nothing they don’t have to for passengers as they’re paying for the trip alone and not the experiences. Ryanair has plenty of plans up their sleeve to get even more from their ‘assets’ and tackle reduced emissions.The likes of removing one or two more toilets from each plane to make way for extra seats, widening the doors on planes to allow passengers to disembark in twos to shortening the turn-around time at airports. There are also talks of having a standing area on flights. These are just some of the increased efficiencies that Ryanair use as a response to a cap on emissions. British Airways and Ryanair are targeted to different market segments. The target market of British Airways is more like loyalty customer who would care about brand image.In the totally opposite way for Ryanair, their tar get market is more like price- sensitivity. However British Airways offer the international airlines, and the price of the carbon tax affected by the airway distance, as one of the biggest international airline company, who conscious of their brand image embraced the costs they felt are necessary for the environment. To make sure the company would have a position in the market, the ways that British Airways responses to carbon tax are more likely in long-term strategies, instead of dealing with the price competition.

How to Etch Glass (Process) essays

How to Etch Glass (Process) essays Etching glass can be a fun, easy, and inexpensive way to perk up old boring glasses. Martha Stewart, the arts and crafts expert of the century, uses this same exact method of etching glass. This essay will lead a person through the procedure of etching glass. There are only six simple objects a person doing this project may need, there are only ten steps to follow, and five problems followed by their solutions are to be read. It is essential to have the appropriate tools and materials when etching glass. The items that will be used are found at arts and crafts stores. The items you need are a glass, scissors, masking tape, plastic gloves, etching cream, and a paintbrush. The glass must be very clean and should not be very expensive for first time etchers. Etching cream is a compound that makes the surface of a glass look worn. The masking tape must be sticky enough as not to fall off of the glass while cream is setting. The procedures involved in etching glass are as simple as the items need. Etching glass is very simple and does not take much skill to do. First clean the glass and dry it thoroughly. Then trace any design onto a piece of masking tape. Then cut the design out. Next apply the tape firmly to the glass. After putting on gloves put etching cream on a paint brush and apply the etching cream to the glass. Wait approximately 5 minutes. Rinse off cream with warm water. Remove the tape and then it is finished. One may run into a few problems though. The problems are easy to avoid if instructions are followed carefully. The first problem a person should avoid is getting cream on the skin, this will not feel to nice, long sleeves and gloves should be worn. The vapors of the etching cream are harmful; etching glass should be done in a well-ventilated area. If one is not careful to apply the tape firmly the cream may seep under the tape and destroy the project. If the cream is not applied evenly the r ...